Legal review August 25, 2026 · Links checked October 15, 2026: the source is available · Scope & methodology

This record is not a citator check. Confirm later history and treatment before relying on it.

authority type

case

jurisdiction

federal_nationwide

publication status

published_united_states_reports

precedential status

binding

decision or issuance date

1987-01-13

subsequent history

Official source reviewed through 2026-08-25.

negative treatment status

Official primary sources checked through 2026-08-25; comprehensive commercial citator not run.

material limitations

Use only for the bounded propositions and limitations stated in the linked canonical modules.

Open official source ↗

Linked modules

• Rehearing, Mandate, Certiorari, and Direct-Review Finality